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عمومی::
شاخص بازار
A passive strategy involves minimal expectational input and instead relies on diversification to match the performance of some market index.
When a market is price-efficient, strate- gies pursued to outperform some market index comprising that asset market will not on average produce superior returns after adjusting for risk and transaction costs.
For example, if the asset class is defined as the U.S. equity markets, a representative stock market index is the Standard & Poor's 500.
This is the improper omission of companies that are no longer available for whatever reason when testing whether an active strategy can generate returns better than a market index.
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